Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs or pockets that develop in or on the surface of an ovary. While many ovarian cysts are harmless and resolve on their own, some can cause symptoms and require medical attention. At our clinic, we provide comprehensive care for ovarian cysts, from diagnosis to treatment, ensuring our patients receive the best possible outcomes.
What Are Ovarian Cysts?
Ovarian cysts can vary in size and type. The most common types include:
- Functional Cysts: These are the most common type and form during the menstrual cycle. They include:
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- Follicular Cysts: Develop when the follicle doesn’t release an egg and continues to grow.
- Corpus Luteum Cysts: Form when the follicle releases the egg but fluid accumulates in the corpus luteum.
- Dermoid Cysts (Teratomas): Contain tissue such as hair, skin, or teeth because they form from embryonic cells.
- Cystadenomas: Develop from ovarian tissue and may contain watery or mucous material.
- Endometriomas: Result from endometriosis, where uterine lining cells grow outside the uterus and attach to the ovary.
Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts
Many ovarian cysts are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during routine exams. When symptoms occur, they can include:
- Pelvic Pain: A dull or sharp pain in the lower abdomen on the side of the cyst.
- Bloating or Swelling: Noticeable abdominal distention.
- Menstrual Irregularities: Changes in menstrual cycle patterns, including heavy or irregular periods.
- Painful Intercourse: Discomfort during sexual activity.
- Frequent Urination or Difficulty Emptying the Bladder: Pressure from a large cyst.
- Nausea and Vomiting: Especially if the cyst causes the ovary to twist (ovarian torsion).
Causes and Risk Factors
Ovarian cysts can develop for various reasons, including:
- Hormonal Imbalances: Hormonal issues can lead to the formation of functional cysts.
- Endometriosis: Endometriotic tissue can attach to the ovary and form cysts.
- Pregnancy: Some cysts form during early pregnancy to support the pregnancy until the placenta develops.
- Severe Pelvic Infections: Infections can spread to the ovaries and fallopian tubes, causing cysts.
- Previous Ovarian Cyst History: Having had cysts before increases the likelihood of developing them again.
Diagnosis of Ovarian Cysts
To diagnose ovarian cysts, our specialists may use a combination of methods:
- Pelvic Examination: Physical examination to detect swelling of the ovaries.
- Ultrasound: Imaging to determine the cyst’s size, shape, and location.
- Blood Tests: Including CA-125, especially if there is a concern for ovarian cancer.
- Laparoscopy: A minimally invasive procedure allowing direct visualization and sometimes removal of the cyst.
- CT Scan or MRI: For detailed imaging in complex cases.
Treatment Options for Ovarian Cysts
Treatment for ovarian cysts depends on the type, size, and symptoms, as well as the patient’s age and overall health:
- Watchful Waiting: Many cysts resolve on their own. Regular monitoring with follow-up ultrasounds may be recommended.
- Medications: Hormonal contraceptives to regulate menstrual cycles and prevent the formation of new cysts.
- Surgery: Required if the cyst is large, persistent, causes symptoms, or is suspected to be malignant. Surgical options include:
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- Laparoscopy: Minimally invasive surgery to remove the cyst.
- Laparotomy: A more extensive procedure for larger or potentially cancerous cysts.
Personalized Care for Ovarian Cysts
Our clinic is dedicated to providing personalized care for women with ovarian cysts. We understand that every patient’s situation is unique and requires an individualized approach. Our experienced team of gynaecologists will work closely with you to develop a treatment plan that addresses your specific needs and health goals.